Children's Health

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Common problems related to cerebral palsy may develop, become more severe, or lead to complications. Treatment varies by the individual and type of problem but generally can include medicine, surgery, specialized therapies, and orthopedic equipment.

Surgery

Types of surgery include:

• Orthopedic surgery to loosen tight muscles, tendons, and joints, particularly on the hips, knees, and ankles.
• Selective dorsal rhizotomy to cut nerves on the limbs that are most affected by movements and spasms, to allow more flexibility and control.

A doctor evaluates symptoms, age, and the person's general state of health when considering whether to recommend surgery. A thorough checkup is needed to help the doctor determine which muscles and nerves are affected and what type of surgery would best treat the condition. A gait analysis may be done to check your child's walking patterns.

Physical therapy

Physical therapy is often used as part of ongoing treatment. But its focus may change after surgery or for problems that are new or getting worse. After surgery, specialized physical therapy may be needed for 6 months or longer. Biofeedback may be useful as part of physical therapy or on its own. During biofeedback sessions, people with CP learn ways to control their affected muscles. Although biofeedback does not help everyone with CP, some people who use the technique learn how to control their affected muscles or reduce muscle tension.

Special devices and equipment

Many people with CP benefit from using something to maintain or improve joint mobility, help strengthen muscles and relax overactive (spastic) muscles, and assist with daily activities. Such devices and equipment may include orthotics, casts, standers, special seats, walkers, wheelchairs, special shoes, and other individualized methods to help with specific problems.

Individualized therapies

Other therapies may also be needed depending on the specific need that develops.

• Occupational therapy helps teens and adults adapt to their limitations and live as independently as possible.
• Speech therapy helps control the mouth muscles. This therapy can be of great benefit to children with speech or eating problems. Speech therapy often starts before the child begins school and continues throughout the school years.
• Nutritional counseling may help when dietary needs are not met because of problems with eating certain foods.
• Both massage therapy and hatha yoga are designed to help relax tense muscles, strengthen muscles, and keep joints flexible. Hatha yoga breathing exercises are sometimes used to try to prevent lung infections. More research is needed to determine the health benefits of these therapies for people with CP.
• Therapies to stimulate learning and sensory development may benefit babies and young children. Some also help people of other ages. These therapies cannot repair damaged parts of the brain. But they may be able to stimulate undamaged parts of the brain.
• Behavioral therapy helps some school-age children with CP learn better ways to communicate with others.

You may hear about a wide range of controversial treatments, some of which may cause harm. Do not be afraid to talk to your doctor about any type of treatment you are considering for your child.