Citations

1. National Center for Health Statistics (2006). Table 44. Number and percentage of male infants circumcised during hospitalization, by geographic region: United States, selected years 1980–2004. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2004 Annual Summary With Detailed Diagnosis and Procedure Data. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/major/hdasd/listpubs.htm.

2. Task Force on Circumcision, American Academy of Pediatrics (1999). Circumcision policy statement. Pediatrics, 103(3): 686–693.

3. Lerman SE, Liao JC (2001). Neonatal circumcision. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 48(6): 1539–1557.

4. Singh-Grewal D, et al. (2005). Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: A systematic review of randomised trials and observational studies. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90(8): 853–858.

5. Siegfried N, et al. (2003). Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3). Oxford: Update Software.

6. Auvert B, et al. (2005). Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial. PLoS Medicine, 2(11): 1–22. Also available online: http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298.

7. Elder JS (2007). Anomalies of the penis and urethra. In RM Kliegman et al., eds., Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed., chap. 544, pp. 2253–2260. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

Other Works Consulted

• Castellsague X, et al. (2002). Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(15): 1105–1112.

• Fergusson DM, et al. (2006). Circumcision status and risk of sexually transmitted infection in young adult males: An analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort. Pediatrics, 118(5): 1971–1977. [Erratum in Pediatrics, 119(1): 227.]

• Steadman B, Ellsworth P (2006). To circ or not to circ: Indications, risks, and alternatives to circumcision in the pediatric population with phimosis. Urologic Nursing, 26(3): 181–194.

• Towers HM (2006). Circumcision. In FD Burg et al., eds. Current Pediatric Therapy, 18th ed., pp. 313–315. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

• Van Howe RS (2005). Effect of confounding in the association between circumcision status and urinary tract infection. Journal of Infection, 51(1): 59–68.