Home treatment, such as using a cool air humidifier, is normally all that is needed to treat mild to moderate croup. Usually symptoms gradually improve within 2 to 5 days.

If your child has severe croup or has not responded to home treatment, medications may be used to decrease airway swelling. These are usually given in a doctor's office or an emergency room. Medications usually include:

• Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone (for example, Decadron) or budesonide (for example, Pulmicort).
• Epinephrine, such as Adrenalin Chloride.

If your child needs extra oxygen, it is given through a nasal cannula or delivered through an oxygen mask placed over the nose and mouth.

If breathing improves after one or more of these measures, your child will be observed for a short time and sent home. If symptoms do not improve, your child may need hospitalization and further testing.

What to Think About

Nonprescription medications for the common cold, such as antihistamines and decongestants, are not helpful for treating croup.

Antibiotics, such as amoxicillin (Amoxil and Trimox) or cefpodoxime proxetil (Vantin), are not effective treatments for croup. These are only used if a secondary bacterial infection, such as a middle ear infection, develops.